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Kiev-Pechery Lavra - is orthodox monastery founded by the monks Antony and Pheodosyin the caves ("pechery") situated near the Brestovo residence near Kiev in 1051. The monastery became the center of spreading and maintains of Christianity in Kiev Rus in the 11th century. It got the "Lavra" status - that maens a big monastery - in the 12th century. In the 18th century Lavra became the foremost church feudal lord in Ukraine. It owned three cities, seven towns, about 200 villages and steadings, more than 70,000 serfs, 2 paper-mills, 11 brick-fields and 6 glass-houses, more than 100 public houses, 2 harasses. Kiev-Pechery Lavra mastered petty Ukrainian, Russian and Byelorussian monasteries and so called "waste lands" (such as Kitaevskaya, Nikholskaya and others situated at the suburb of Kiev) including their lands and serfs. In fullness of its time Kiev-Pechery Lavra has played important role in developing of ancient Russian culture, was the center of writing chronicles. Here works of foreign authors were rewritten and translated into church-Slavic language. The outstanding chroniclers Nestor (the author of "The Tale of Bygone Years"), Nikon, Sylvester worked in Lavra. In the 13th century Kiev-Pechery codex - the important well of Kiev history - was composed. Kiev-Pechery Lavra has already exercised great building since the 11th century (the Assumption Cathedral, Trinity Nadvratnaya Church). At the end of the 12th century the defence walls were built around Kiev-Pechery Lavra (the walls were destroyed by the hordes of khan Batyy in 1240). During 1698-1701 new ramparts with loop-holes and towers were built parallel the walls. The Big Lavra Belfry was built in 1731-1744. It is 96,52 meters high. A lot of outstanding persons are buried in the territory of Lavra. There are the supreme judge of Ukrainian army V. Kochubey buried near the refectory and colonel of Poltava region I. Iskra among them. The founder of Moscow Yury Dolgoruky is buried in Spas' on Berestov Chuch. Manuscripts, black-letter books, collection of cloth and embroideries can be seen in the museums and funds situated in the territory of Kiev-Pechery Lavra. The collection of precious ores, ancient plates and works of the living painters attract special interest.
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